Cartagena.info

An independent guide to Cartagena, Colombia

Before the airport

How to get to Cartagena: fly direct, change once, or come by road

This is Cartagena de Indias, on the Caribbean coast of Colombia, airport code CTG. Not Cartagena in Spain.

How to get to Cartagena, Colombia: for most travelers, by plane. Direct flights come from Miami, Fort Lauderdale and New York, from Toronto and Montreal, and from Panama City and Lima. United and Frontier have announced flights from Houston, Washington and Orlando for December 2026, subject to government approval. From Europe, KLM flies from Amsterdam, Edelweiss from Zurich and Plus Ultra from Madrid; only Plus Ultra sells its flight as nonstop. If your city is not on that list, change planes once: in one of those cities, in Panama City, or in Bogotá, which four airlines connect with Cartagena. By road, only Barranquilla and Santa Marta are close; from Medellín or Bogotá the drive takes most of a day or more.

Some links on this page are affiliate links: the guide earns a commission when you book through them. The partner sets the price; the guide adds no fee.

1The route chart

Direct flights into Cartagena, on one chart

The chart below draws 13 cities abroad and 6 in Colombia with a direct flight to Rafael Núñez airport, each with the airline that sells it. Pick where you are starting: the chart lights your direct routes and rings the airport where a change works best. The table under it holds the same routes, with the season or schedule where the airline gives one.

For scale: the airport moved 4,001,889 passengers in the second half of 2025 and 3,906,258 passengers in the first half of 2026, on 17 airlines (operator's statistics, airline list).

Direct flights to Cartagena, Colombia, on one chartAn equirectangular chart centred on Cartagena, Colombia, from Toronto and Montreal in the north to Lima in the south. Curved great-circle lines run to Cartagena from Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Orlando, New York, Washington, Houston, Toronto, Montreal, Panama City, Lima, Amsterdam, Zurich, Madrid, and from Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Pereira, San Andrés, Bucaramanga inside Colombia. The three lines from Europe leave the right edge of the chart. An inset enlarges northern Colombia with the domestic routes and the roads from Barranquilla, Santa Marta, Medellín and Bogotá. The table below the chart lists the same routes with their airlines.Atlantic OceanCaribbean SeaPacific OceanCartagenaMiami1,780 kmFort Lauderdale1,805 kmOrlando2,089 kmNew York3,362 kmWashington3,175 kmHouston2,990 kmToronto3,717 kmMontreal3,898 kmPanama City451 kmLima2,504 kmAmsterdam ↗8,431 kmZurich ↗8,710 kmMadrid ↗7,733 kmCartagenaPanama CityBogotáMedellínCaliPereiraSan AndrésBucaramangaBarranquillaSanta MartaColombia, enlarged: flights and roads10°S0°10°N20°N30°N40°N100°W90°W80°W70°WDirect flights to Cartagenaflying, no season statedseasonalannounced, subject to approvalinside Colombiachange planes here01,000km, north to southNNatural Earth · OurAirports · © OpenStreetMap contributors
Routes as the airlines sell or announce them, November 2026; flights inside Colombia from the airport's flight board for the afternoon and evening of 11 November 2026 (Colombia time) and, for Wingo to Medellín and San Andrés, Wingo's route list. Lines follow the great circle, the shortest path over the globe, and distances are measured the same way between the two airports. Roads as routed on OpenStreetMap.
Direct flights into Cartagena, by where you start19 cities. Airline, and season or schedule where the airline gives one; Houston, Washington and Orlando are announced for December 2026, subject to government approval. Flights inside Colombia: the airport's flight board for the afternoon and evening of 11 November 2026 (Colombia time); Wingo to Medellín and San Andrés from Wingo's route list, November 2026. No fares. Distances: great circle between the airports.
FromAirlineSeason or scheduleDistance
United States, east coast
Miami MIA American Airlines 1,780 km (1,106 mi)
Fort Lauderdale FLL JetBlue daily, year-round 1,805 km (1,122 mi)
Orlando MCO Frontier Airlines once a week from 19 December 2026 2,089 km (1,298 mi)
New York JFK JetBlue 3,362 km (2,089 mi)
Washington Dulles (IAD) United Airlines four a week (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, Sunday) from 17 December 2026; leaves Dulles 8:20, lands 13:10 3,175 km (1,973 mi)
United States, elsewhere
Houston IAH United Airlines four a week (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, Sunday) from 17 December 2026; leaves Houston 9:35, lands 14:50 2,990 km (1,858 mi)
Canada
Toronto YYZ Air Canada Tuesdays and Saturdays, 17 November 2026 to 17 April 2027; leaves Toronto 9:30, lands 14:45 3,717 km (2,309 mi)
Montreal YUL Air Transat 3,898 km (2,422 mi)
Montreal YUL Air Canada Sundays, 13 December 2026 to 4 April 2027; leaves Montreal 9:35, lands 15:30 3,898 km (2,422 mi)
Europe
Amsterdam AMS KLM 8,431 km (5,239 mi)
Zurich ZRH Edelweiss 8,710 km (5,412 mi)
Madrid MAD Plus Ultra 7,733 km (4,805 mi)
Latin America
Panama City Tocumen (PTY) Copa Airlines 451 km (280 mi)
Panama City Panamá Pacífico (BLB) Wingo 479 km (298 mi)
Lima LIM LATAM about 8 direct flights a week 2,504 km (1,556 mi)
Inside Colombia
Bogotá BOG Avianca, LATAM, JetSMART and Wingo 656 km (408 mi)
Medellín Rionegro (MDE) Avianca, JetSMART and Wingo 476 km (296 mi)
Cali CLO JetSMART 773 km (480 mi)
Pereira PEI Avianca and JetSMART 627 km (389 mi)
San Andrés ADZ LATAM and Wingo 716 km (445 mi)
Bucaramanga BGA Avianca and Wingo 449 km (279 mi)

2Direct

If your city is on the chart, fly direct

United States

From Miami, American Airlines flies to Cartagena. JetBlue flies from New York JFK (route page) and from Fort Lauderdale, where in March 2026 it announced daily, year-round flights from 11 June 2026 (JetBlue).

Three new routes are announced for December 2026. On 29 June 2026 United announced flights from Houston and Washington Dulles, four a week (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, Sunday) from 17 December 2026; in its announced schedule the flight from Houston leaves Houston 9:35, lands 14:50 and the one from Dulles leaves Dulles 8:20, lands 13:10, both local times (United). On 10 September 2026 Frontier announced flights from Orlando, once a week from 19 December 2026 (Frontier). All three were announced subject to government approval, so check that the flight is on sale before you build a trip on it.

Canada

Air Canada flies Toronto Tuesdays and Saturdays, 17 November 2026 to 17 April 2027; most days it leaves Toronto 9:30, lands 14:45 (Air Canada). From Montreal, Air Canada flies Sundays, 13 December 2026 to 4 April 2027; in December and January it leaves Montreal 9:35, lands 15:30 (Air Canada). Air Transat also sells Montreal to Cartagena on its route page.

Europe

Three airlines link Cartagena with Europe: KLM from Amsterdam, Edelweiss from Zurich and Plus Ultra from Madrid. Plus Ultra sells its flight as direct and nonstop. With any of the three, the itinerary at booking shows whether the plane stops on the way.

Latin America

From Panama City, Copa flies from Tocumen (Copa) and Wingo from Panamá Pacífico, a different airport west of the canal (Wingo). LATAM flies Lima, about 8 direct flights a week (LATAM).

Rafael Núñez airport from an arriving plane: the runway on the strip between the Caribbean and the Ciénaga de la Virgen lagoon, with the Crespo grid below it
On the approach: the runway runs along the strip between the Caribbean and the Ciénaga de la Virgen lagoon, with the streets of Crespo and the beach road into town below it (2019).Photo: Kidwiki91, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

No fares hereFares change all the time. Each airline link above opens that airline's own page for the route.

3One change

When no flight leaves from your city

Then you change planes once, and the question is where. Three kinds of airport do it well.

Bogotá handles far more international travel than Cartagena. In 2025 its El Dorado airport counted 12,535,687 border crossings in and out, against 1,665,292 at Cartagena (Migración Colombia). On the airport’s flight board for 11 November 2026, Avianca, LATAM, JetSMART and Wingo all flew Bogotá to Cartagena (airport flight board). From Canada, Air Canada flies Montreal and Toronto to Bogotá (schedule).

Panama City is Copa's hub. Copa says it reaches more than 70 international destinations through Panama, and its Cartagena page sells onward fares from Mexico City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Denver, Toronto, Montreal, Buenos Aires, Santiago de Chile and São Paulo (Copa). From much of Latin America and the western United States, that makes Panama City the natural place to change.

A city on the chart. From anywhere in North America, a first flight to Miami, Fort Lauderdale, New York or Toronto puts you on a direct route; Houston and Washington join if United’s announced flights start. From Europe, the same goes for Amsterdam, Zurich and Madrid.

Whichever way you come, the entry steps are the same for an international arrival: what to file and when, and the taxes inside your fare, are on Check-Mig Colombia. The airport itself, the two exits and the taxi to your area: Cartagena airport.

One ticketBook both flights on one ticket where you can, and ask the airline what happens to the second flight if the first one is late.

AdvisoriesWhat the US, UK, Canadian and Australian travel advisories say, side by side: is Cartagena safe.

VisasOn the foreign ministry's visa list, citizens of the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland and the EU need no visa for a short visit; details on the entry page.

4By road

From elsewhere in Colombia, by road

Inside Colombia the plane wins on every route longer than the coast road. The table gives the road distance from the Clock Tower as routed on OpenStreetMap, a driving estimate without traffic, and the bus time where an operator publishes one.

By road to CartagenaRoad distances and driving times: routing on OpenStreetMap, no traffic, estimates. Bus times as the operator publishes them.
FromBy roadDriving, aboutBus
Barranquilla119 km2 h 35 minMarsol, 2 h 30 min
Santa Marta229 km5 h 10 minMarsol, 5 hours
Medellín656 to 713 kmRápido Ochoa, 12 h to 15 h 40 min
Bogotá1,083 km20 h 20 min

Barranquilla and Santa Marta are the short ones, along the coast. Marsol leaves from its own office at Carrera 2A # 43-111 (Marsol). Which of shuttle, terminal bus or private car fits your day: Cartagena to Santa Marta. Both cities also appear as long day trips on day trips from Cartagena.

Medellín and Bogotá are a long day or a night on the road. For Medellín, the door-to-door comparison of plane and bus is on Medellín to Cartagena.

The bus terminal is not in town. The Terminal de Transportes stands in El Pozón; address and phone: Carretera La Cordialidad, Diag 56 # 57-236, Barrio El Pozón; phone 6630454, WhatsApp 3205721282 (terminal). It is 12 km by road from the Clock Tower, about 40 minutes without traffic. The city's taxi table prices rides from the airport only: 51,000 COP from the airport to the terminal, 20,200 COP from the airport to the old town; it lists no fare from the terminal into town. Taxis, buses and walking once you are here: getting around Cartagena.

Airport to the bus terminal51,000 COPTaxi, 2026 table, zone 12. About USD 15.

City and Bocagrande skyline seen from La Popa hill
Seen from La Popa hill, the city spreads toward the bay, with the Bocagrande towers on the horizon.Photo: Bernard Gagnon, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

5By sea

Arriving by sea

On a cruise. The port operator’s 2026-27 schedule lists 167 calls. Ships berth at the cruise terminal in Manga, 3.2 km from the walled city as the operator gives it. How the day ashore works: Cartagena cruise port.

Two cruise ships in the Bay of Cartagena, one docked at the port and one arriving
A January ship day: one cruise ship at the pier while a second sails in across the bay, seen from La Popa hill.Photo: Joe Ross, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

6The hour

When to land, and the ride in

City taxis from the airport add 1,100 COP to the zone fare from 19:00 to 5:00, so a landing after dark costs a little more (airport fares by zone). Island day boats leave the city's docks 8:00 to 8:30, so a same-morning island day needs a flight that lands well before that, with time for bags and the ride to the dock; otherwise plan the boat for your second day (Rosario Islands).

If you would rather have a driver waiting with your name, these private transfers are sold in advance: Transfer airport to the old city and Rafael Núñez Airport One-Way Transfer on GetYourGuide, and a private one-way airport transfer on Viator. Where to sleep, inside the walled city, in Getsemaní or by the beach in Bocagrande: where to stay in Cartagena. Cash, cards and what things cost on arrival: prices in Cartagena.

The waterfront of Muelle de los Pegasos with flags, palms and the pier basin, the dome of San Pedro Claver behind
The basin of Muelle de los Pegasos below San Pedro Claver church (January 2020). Bay boats, sunset cruises and some private boats board along this quay, a few minutes on foot from La Bodeguita.Photo: Bernard Gagnon, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

7Questions

Getting to Cartagena, asked and answered

Where is Cartagena?

Cartagena de Indias is a port city on the Caribbean coast of northern Colombia. Its airport code is CTG. It is not Cartagena in Spain. The old walled city, the fortresses and the port have been a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1984, and the islands lie off the coast to the south-west.

Why do Americans go to Cartagena?

For the walled city, a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1984, and the Caribbean beaches and islands close by. US citizens need no visa for a short visit on Colombia's foreign ministry list, and direct flights leave from Miami, Fort Lauderdale and New York; flights from Orlando, Houston and Washington are announced for December 2026, subject to government approval.

Can you fly direct to Cartagena from the US?

Yes. American Airlines flies from Miami and JetBlue from Fort Lauderdale and New York JFK. From December 2026, United adds Houston and Washington Dulles, four flights a week from the 17th, and Frontier adds Orlando once a week from the 19th; both were announced subject to government approval. From other US cities, change planes once.

How do I get from Bogotá to Cartagena?

Fly. On the airport’s flight board for 11 November 2026, Avianca, LATAM, JetSMART and Wingo all flew Bogotá to Cartagena. By road the city is 1,083 km from Cartagena's Clock Tower on OpenStreetMap, about 20 h 20 min of driving without traffic, so the bus takes a full day or a night.

Which airport do I fly into for Cartagena?

Rafael Núñez International Airport, code CTG, inside the city in the Crespo neighborhood. It takes all international and domestic flights for Cartagena. From the terminal the city's taxi table sets a fixed fare to each part of town; the fares by zone and the two exits are on the Cartagena airport page.

Sources

  1. Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia: total passengers H2 2025 (printed on the operator's infographic): 4,001,889 passengers. OINAC: Estadísticas del aeropuerto (monthly infographics).
  2. Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia: total passengers H1 2026 (printed on the operator's infographic): 3,906,258 passengers. OINAC: Estadísticas del aeropuerto (monthly infographics).
  3. Official taxi fare from Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia to Centro - San Diego - La Matuna - Getsemaní (2026 table): 20,200 COP. OINAC: Tarifas taxis desde el Aeropuerto Internacional Rafael Núñez (footed 'Decreto 0051 Alcaldía Mayor de Cartagena').
  4. Official taxi fare from Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia to Pozón - Terminal de Transporte (2026 table): 51,000 COP. OINAC: Tarifas taxis desde el Aeropuerto Internacional Rafael Núñez (footed 'Decreto 0051 Alcaldía Mayor de Cartagena').
  5. Airport taxi night surcharge in Cartagena, Colombia (2026): 1100 COP. OINAC: Tarifas taxis desde el Aeropuerto Internacional Rafael Núñez (footed 'Decreto 0051 Alcaldía Mayor de Cartagena').
  6. Airport taxi night surcharge hours in Cartagena, Colombia (2026): 19:00 to 5:00. OINAC: Tarifas taxis desde el Aeropuerto Internacional Rafael Núñez (footed 'Decreto 0051 Alcaldía Mayor de Cartagena').
  7. Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia: airlines listed on the operator site: Avianca, LATAM, Wingo, American Airlines, Copa, Spirit, Plus Ultra, KLM, Air Transat (seasonal), JetBlue, Arajet, JetSMART, Aeroméxico, Edelweiss (seasonal), Delta, Air Canada, Laser Airlines. OINAC: Aerolíneas.
  8. Air Canada Montreal (YUL) to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, flight AC1892: season and days in the published schedule: Sundays, 13 December 2026 to 4 April 2027. Air Canada: schedule South America (Air Canada Vacations, where we fly), PDF created 2026-11-11, 2026-11-11.
  9. Air Canada Montreal (YUL) to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, flight AC1892: published schedule, December 2026 and January 2027: leaves Montreal 9:35, lands 15:30. Air Canada: schedule South America (Air Canada Vacations, where we fly), PDF created 2026-11-11, 2026-11-11.
  10. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Montreal (YUL): airline in its own published schedule (flight AC1892): Air Canada. Air Canada: schedule South America (Air Canada Vacations, where we fly), PDF created 2026-11-11, 2026-11-11.
  11. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Miami (MIA): airline whose own route page sells it: American Airlines. American Airlines: Flights from Miami to Cartagena.
  12. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Fort Lauderdale (FLL): airline: JetBlue. JetBlue: press release, Fort Lauderdale expanded schedule, 2026-03-12.
  13. JetBlue Fort Lauderdale (FLL) to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia: service as the airline states it from 11 June 2026: daily, year-round. JetBlue: press release, Fort Lauderdale expanded schedule, 2026-03-12.
  14. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from New York JFK: airline whose own route page sells it: JetBlue. JetBlue: Flights from New York to Cartagena.
  15. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Orlando (MCO): airline: Frontier Airlines. Frontier Airlines: press release, first service to Colombia, 2026-09-10.
  16. Frontier Airlines Orlando (MCO) to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia: service as announced: once a week from 19 December 2026. Frontier Airlines: press release, first service to Colombia, 2026-09-10.
  17. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Houston (IAH): airline: United Airlines. United Airlines: press release, new nonstop flights to Cartagena, 2026-06-29.
  18. United Airlines Houston (IAH) and Washington Dulles (IAD) to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia: service as announced: four a week (Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday, Sunday) from 17 December 2026. United Airlines: press release, new nonstop flights to Cartagena, 2026-06-29.
  19. United Airlines Houston (IAH) to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia: published schedule: leaves Houston 9:35, lands 14:50. United Airlines: press release, new nonstop flights to Cartagena, 2026-06-29.
  20. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Washington Dulles (IAD): airline: United Airlines. United Airlines: press release, new nonstop flights to Cartagena, 2026-06-29.
  21. United Airlines Washington Dulles (IAD) to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia: published schedule: leaves Dulles 8:20, lands 13:10. United Airlines: press release, new nonstop flights to Cartagena, 2026-06-29.
  22. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Toronto (YYZ): airline: Air Canada. Air Canada: schedule South America (Air Canada Vacations, where we fly), PDF created 2026-11-10, 2026-11-10.
  23. Air Canada Toronto (YYZ) to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia: season and days in the published schedule: Tuesdays and Saturdays, 17 November 2026 to 17 April 2027. Air Canada: schedule South America (Air Canada Vacations, where we fly), PDF created 2026-11-10, 2026-11-10.
  24. Air Canada Toronto (YYZ) to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia: published schedule, most dates: leaves Toronto 9:30, lands 14:45. Air Canada: schedule South America (Air Canada Vacations, where we fly), PDF created 2026-11-10, 2026-11-10.
  25. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Montreal (YUL): airline whose own route page sells it: Air Transat. Air Transat: Flights Montreal (YUL) Cartagena (CTG).
  26. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Panama City (Tocumen, PTY): airline: Copa Airlines. Copa Airlines: flights from Panama City to Cartagena.
  27. Copa Airlines, on its page of flights from Cartagena, Colombia: what its Panama hub connects to: more than 70 international destinations. Copa Airlines: flights from Cartagena.
  28. Copa Airlines page of flights from Cartagena, Colombia: examples of cities it sells onward from Cartagena: Mexico City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Denver, Toronto, Montreal, Buenos Aires, Santiago de Chile and São Paulo. Copa Airlines: flights from Cartagena.
  29. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Panama City (Panamá Pacífico, BLB): airline: Wingo. Wingo: flights from Cartagena.
  30. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Lima (LIM): airline: LATAM. LATAM: vuelos desde Lima a Cartagena.
  31. LATAM Lima (LIM) to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia: frequency as the airline states it: about 8 direct flights a week. LATAM: vuelos desde Lima a Cartagena.
  32. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Amsterdam (AMS): airline whose own route page sells it: KLM. KLM: Flights to Cartagena.
  33. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Zurich (ZRH): airline whose own destination page sells it: Edelweiss. Edelweiss: Cartagena destination page.
  34. Direct flight to Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, from Madrid (MAD): airline: Plus Ultra. Plus Ultra: vuelos Madrid - Cartagena de Indias.
  35. Airlines with direct flights between Bogotá (BOG) and Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, on the airport flight board for the afternoon and evening of 11 November 2026: Avianca, LATAM, JetSMART and Wingo. OINAC (airport operator): flight board 'Direct Flights', arrivals and departures.
  36. Airlines with direct flights between Medellín (MDE) and Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, on the airport flight board for the afternoon and evening of 11 November 2026, plus Wingo from its own route list: Avianca, JetSMART and Wingo. OINAC (airport operator): flight board 'Direct Flights', arrivals and departures (Avianca, JetSMART); Wingo: route list 'flights from Cartagena' (Wingo).
  37. Airline with direct flights between Cali (CLO) and Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, on the airport flight board for the afternoon and evening of 11 November 2026: JetSMART. OINAC (airport operator): flight board 'Direct Flights', arrivals and departures.
  38. Airlines with direct flights between Pereira (PEI) and Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, on the airport flight board for the afternoon and evening of 11 November 2026: Avianca and JetSMART. OINAC (airport operator): flight board 'Direct Flights', arrivals and departures.
  39. Airlines with direct flights between Bucaramanga (BGA) and Cartagena (CTG), Colombia, on the airport flight board for the afternoon and evening of 11 November 2026: Avianca and Wingo. OINAC (airport operator): flight board 'Direct Flights', arrivals and departures.
  40. Airlines flying San Andrés (ADZ) and Cartagena (CTG), Colombia: LATAM on the airport flight board (11 November 2026) and Wingo on its own route list: LATAM and Wingo. OINAC (airport operator): flight board 'Direct Flights', arrivals and departures (LATAM); Wingo: route list 'flights from Cartagena' (Wingo).
  41. Air Canada schedule (PDF created 2026-11-10): Canadian cities with Air Canada flights to Bogotá, Colombia: Montreal and Toronto. Air Canada: schedule South America (Air Canada Vacations, where we fly), PDF created 2026-11-10, 2026-11-10.
  42. Cruise terminal of Cartagena, Colombia: distance to the Centro Histórico (walled city): 3.2 km. SPRC / Grupo Puerto de Cartagena: Terminal de Cruceros page (Wayback snapshot 2026-10-17).
  43. Cancillería visa list (PDF of 1 Sep 2026), column 'does Colombia require a visa for short visits': United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland and every EU member state: no. Cancillería de Colombia: Lista de países que exigen visa de turismo a colombianos y nacionalidades a las que Colombia les exige visa de turismo, 2026-09-01.
  44. Road distance from the Clock Tower, Cartagena, Colombia to Santa Marta (OSM relation 13994662, urban area), routed on OpenStreetMap: 228.46 km. Valhalla auto routing (FOSSGIS public instance) on OpenStreetMap data, fetched 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  45. Driving time from the Clock Tower, Cartagena, Colombia to Santa Marta (OSM relation 13994662, urban area), routing estimate without traffic, rounded to 5 minutes: 5 h. Valhalla auto routing (FOSSGIS public instance) on OpenStreetMap data, fetched 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  46. Road distance from the Clock Tower, Cartagena, Colombia to Barranquilla (OSM relation 1335179), routed on OpenStreetMap: 119.1 km. Valhalla auto routing (FOSSGIS public instance) on OpenStreetMap data, fetched 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  47. Driving time from the Clock Tower, Cartagena, Colombia to Barranquilla (OSM relation 1335179), routing estimate without traffic, rounded to 5 minutes: 2 h 35 min. Valhalla auto routing (FOSSGIS public instance) on OpenStreetMap data, fetched 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  48. Road distance from Parque Berrío (centre) to the Clock Tower (Medellín to Cartagena, Colombia), routed on OpenStreetMap: 656 to 713 km. OSRM and Valhalla routing on OpenStreetMap, 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  49. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Miami International Airport (MIA), from OurAirports coordinates: 1779.7 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  50. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport (FLL), from OurAirports coordinates: 1805.2 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  51. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York (JFK), from OurAirports coordinates: 3362.1 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  52. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Orlando International Airport (MCO), from OurAirports coordinates: 2089.4 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  53. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and George Bush Intercontinental Airport, Houston (IAH), from OurAirports coordinates: 2989.8 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  54. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Washington Dulles International Airport (IAD), from OurAirports coordinates: 3175.2 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  55. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ), from OurAirports coordinates: 3716.7 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  56. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Montréal-Trudeau International Airport (YUL), from OurAirports coordinates: 3898.3 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  57. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Tocumen International Airport, Panama City (PTY), from OurAirports coordinates: 450.7 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  58. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Panamá Pacífico International Airport (BLB), from OurAirports coordinates: 479.1 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  59. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Jorge Chávez International Airport, Lima (LIM), from OurAirports coordinates: 2504.2 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  60. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (AMS), from OurAirports coordinates: 8430.8 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  61. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Zurich Airport (ZRH), from OurAirports coordinates: 8709.5 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  62. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport (MAD), from OurAirports coordinates: 7732.6 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  63. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and El Dorado International Airport, Bogotá (BOG), from OurAirports coordinates: 655.9 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  64. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and José María Córdova International Airport, Rionegro (Medellín) (MDE), from OurAirports coordinates: 475.8 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  65. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport, Cali (CLO), from OurAirports coordinates: 773.2 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  66. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Matecaña International Airport, Pereira (PEI), from OurAirports coordinates: 626.5 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  67. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport, San Andrés (ADZ), from OurAirports coordinates: 716.0 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  68. Great-circle distance between Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia and Palonegro International Airport, Bucaramanga (BGA), from OurAirports coordinates: 448.8 km. OurAirports airports.csv (public domain), downloaded 2026-11-12; haversine, R = 6371.0088 km, 2026-11-12.
  69. Road distance from the Clock Tower, Cartagena, Colombia to Medellín (OSM relation 1343264), routed on OpenStreetMap: 713.4 km. Valhalla auto routing (FOSSGIS public instance) on OpenStreetMap data, fetched 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  70. Driving time from the Clock Tower, Cartagena, Colombia to Medellín (OSM relation 1343264), routing estimate without traffic, rounded to 10 minutes: 15 h 30 min. Valhalla auto routing (FOSSGIS public instance) on OpenStreetMap data, fetched 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  71. Road distance from the Clock Tower, Cartagena, Colombia to Bogotá (OSM relation 7426387), routed on OpenStreetMap: 1083.2 km. Valhalla auto routing (FOSSGIS public instance) on OpenStreetMap data, fetched 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  72. Driving time from the Clock Tower, Cartagena, Colombia to Bogotá (OSM relation 7426387), routing estimate without traffic, rounded to 10 minutes: 20 h 20 min. Valhalla auto routing (FOSSGIS public instance) on OpenStreetMap data, fetched 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  73. Road distance from the Clock Tower, Cartagena, Colombia to the Cartagena bus terminal (Terminal de Transportes, El Pozón; OSM relation 1798882), routed on OpenStreetMap: 12.0 km. Valhalla auto routing (FOSSGIS public instance) on OpenStreetMap data, fetched 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  74. Driving time from the Clock Tower, Cartagena, Colombia to the Cartagena bus terminal (Terminal de Transportes, El Pozón; OSM relation 1798882), routing estimate without traffic, rounded to 5 minutes: 40 minutes. Valhalla auto routing (FOSSGIS public instance) on OpenStreetMap data, fetched 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  75. Coastlines on the route chart of Cartagena, Colombia and the Caribbean: Natural Earth 1:50m land: public domain. Natural Earth: 1:50m Physical Vectors, Land, 2026-11-12.
  76. Road distance from the Clock Tower, Cartagena, Colombia to the Plaza de la Catedral, historic centre of Santa Marta (OSM way 233437685), routed on OpenStreetMap: 228.56 km. Valhalla auto routing (FOSSGIS public instance) on OpenStreetMap data, fetched 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  77. Driving time from the Clock Tower, Cartagena, Colombia to the Plaza de la Catedral, historic centre of Santa Marta (OSM way 233437685), routing estimate without traffic, rounded to 5 minutes: 5 h 10 min. Valhalla auto routing (FOSSGIS public instance) on OpenStreetMap data, fetched 2026-11-12, 2026-11-12.
  78. Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena, Colombia (UNESCO World Heritage): year inscribed: 1984. UNESCO open data API, dataset whc001 (World Heritage List), id_no 285.
  79. GetYourGuide listing 'Cartagena: 5-Stop Rosario Islands Day Tour with Lunch & Beach Club Passes', Cartagena, Colombia: Eco ticket hours: 8:00 to 16:30. GetYourGuide product page t497946.
  80. GetYourGuide listing 'Cartagena: Rosario Islands Excursion with Snorkeling and Playa Blanca in Barú', Cartagena, Colombia: meeting time at Muelle de la Bodeguita, gate 2: 8:30. GetYourGuide product page t934710.
  81. Colombian peso exchange rate (TRM) valid 2026-11-11: 3297.07 COP per USD. Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia: TRM, open dataset on datos.gov.co, 2026-11-11.
  82. Bus terminal of Cartagena, Colombia: address: Carretera La Cordialidad, Diag 56 # 57-236, Barrio El Pozón; phone 6630454, WhatsApp 3205721282. Terminal de Transporte de Cartagena S.A..
  83. Marsol bus Cartagena to Barranquilla: duration: 2 h 30 min. Marsol: website (operator's own published durations and 'desde' fares).
  84. Marsol bus Cartagena to Santa Marta: duration: 5 h. Marsol: website (operator's own published durations and 'desde' fares).
  85. Marsol, Cartagena, Colombia: departure office: Carrera 2A # 43-111. Marsol: website (operator's own published durations and 'desde' fares).
  86. Rápido Ochoa bus, Medellín to Cartagena, Colombia: published trip time: 12 h to 15 h 40 min. Rápido Ochoa: Tiquetes de bus de Medellín a Cartagena, 2026-11-12.
  87. Rafael Núñez airport (CTG), Cartagena, Colombia: migratory flows in 2025, all nationalities, in and out: 1,665,292 people. Migración Colombia: Informe de Gestión 2025, 2026-01-31.
  88. El Dorado airport (Bogotá): migratory flows in 2025: 12,535,687 people. Migración Colombia: Informe de Gestión 2025, 2026-01-31.
  89. Ship days. Sociedad Portuaria Regional de Cartagena, Programación de Cruceros 2026-27 (PDF updated 2026-11-03).

Photographs

  1. Rafael Núñez airport from an arriving plane: the runway on the strip between the Caribbean and the Ciénaga de la Virgen lagoon, with the Crespo grid below it. Photo: Kidwiki91, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
  2. Two cruise ships in the Bay of Cartagena, one docked at the port and one arriving. Photo: Joe Ross, CC BY-SA 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
  3. City and Bocagrande skyline seen from La Popa hill. Photo: Bernard Gagnon, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
  4. The waterfront of Muelle de los Pegasos with flags, palms and the pier basin, the dome of San Pedro Claver behind. Photo: Bernard Gagnon, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons